Cultivation of Eggplant

INTRODUCTION

Prospects for the better cultivation of eggplant to be managed intensively and commercial-scale agribusiness, but the results of the average is still low. This is caused the culture shapes culture as a sideline, inadequate information at the farm level cultivation techniques.

TERMS OF GROWING
* Can be grown in the lowlands and highlands
* Temperatures 22-30 degrees Celsius
* The soil type is most excellent, kind of sandy loam, fertile, rich in organic matter, aeration and good drainage and a pH between 6.8 to 7.3
* Sunlight should be enough
* Suitable planted dry season

BREEDING
* Soak the seeds in warm water per liter for 10 -15 minutes
* Wrap the seeds in a moist cloth rolls for diperam for 1 day to appear to begin to germinate
* Spread the seeds on top of the nursery embankment by row, the distance between rows 10-15 cm
* 25-30 kg of manure mix of fine let stand a week, then enter one by one into a polybag seed which contains a mixture of soil and manure smooth
* Cover the seeds with a thin soil
* Surface embankments that have been sowing seeds covered with banana leaves
* Once the seeds germinate seemed appear, open the lid
* Flush seedbed morning and evening
* Note pests and disease since at nursery
* 1-1.5 month-old seedlings or leaves four strands ready to be moved

PROCESSING LAND
* Clean up weeds around the garden
* Stirring the soil with a hoe or plow depth of 30-40 cm
* Create an embankment as wide as 100-120 cm, 40-60 cm distance between levees, smooth surface of the embankment
* If the soil pH is low, add Dolomite
* Spread the manure 15-20 tones / ha, mix evenly with the ground.
* Spread the base with a mixture of ZA fertilizer or urea TSP 150 kg + 250 kg per hectare mixed with soil evenly or approximately 10 grams of a mixture of fertilizer per planting hole
* If you use plastic of mulch, cover levee at noon
* Let it sit for a week before planting
* Make the planting hole with a distance of 60x70 cm / 70 x 70 cm

PLANTING
* Good planting time of dry season
* Select seeds that grow fast and normal
* Planting seedlings in the planting hole is upright and the soil around the stem solidified
* Flush planting hole have been planted until quite wet (humid)

IRRIGATION
Done regularly every day, especially in the early phase of growth and dry weather

REPLANTING
* Replanting that growth is not normal, death or disease pests
* Replanting a maximum age of 15 days

MARKER INSTALATION
* Done as early as possible so as not to disrupt (spoil) root system
* Sticks are made of bamboo as high as 80-100 cm and 2-4 cm wide
* Plug individually near the stem
* Tie the trunk or branches of eggplant on a stick

WEEDING
* The weeds around the plant mowing or revoked
* Weeding is done at the age of 15 days and 60-75 days after planting

FERTILIZATION
The type and dosage of fertilizer Macro adapted to soil types, varieties and regions according to the reference conditions of the local agricultural bureau. Here's one alternative:

Fertilizer Type	Supplementary fertilization (kg / ha)
	age of 15 days	age of 25 days	age of 35 days	age of 45 days
Urea	75	75	75	75
SP-36	50	-	-	-
KCl	-	75	100	75

Fertilization is placed as far as 20 cm from the stems of plants as much as 10 grams of a mixture of fertilizer per plant singly or array is covered with earth and watered or fertilizers drained as much as 3.5 grams per liter of water, fertilizer solution kocorkan of 250 cc per plant. 

TRIMMING

Crop the wild shoots that grow from the first to the axillary first interest also cropped in order to stimulate new shoots and flowers grow more productive immediately

PEST CONTROL DISEASE

PEST

1. Leaf Beetle (Epilachna spp.)

Symptoms of their bite marks on the lower leaf surface when severe attacks can destroy all living leaf tissue and bones leaves only. 

How to control; collect and destroy beetles, set the time for planting

2. Lice Leaves (Aphis spp.)

Attacked by sucking cell fluids, especially on the shoots or leaves are young, Leaves are not normal, wrinkled or curly or curled as an intermediary vector or virus.

How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation

3. Fleas (Tetranynichus spp.)

Dry season great attack.

Attacked by sucking fluids plant cells, causing symptoms of red spots to brownish or black on the leaf surface next to the top or bottom.

How to control the same as on the control of aphids

4. Soil caterpillar (Agrotis ipsilon Hufn.)

Polifag is active, dusk or night

Attacking by cutting the growing point of the plant is still young, so drooped and collapsed. 

How to control; collect and destroy the caterpillars

5. armyworm (Spodoptera litura, F.)

Polifag is active.

Attacked by destroying (consuming) leaves to the holes.

How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation

6. Fruit Caterpillars (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.)

Polifag is active

fruit attacked by means of biting and burrowing, so that the shape of fruit is not normal, and susceptible to black pod disease.

How to control; collect and destroy infected fruit, doing crop rotation and planting garden sanitation

DISEASE

1. Bacterial wilt

Cause: Pseudomonas solanacearum

Can not live long in the land

great attack at a temperature high enough

Attack symptoms occur sudden wilting of the whole plant

2. Rotten Fruit

Cause: The fungus Phytophthora sp., Phomopsis vexans, Phytium sp.

Symptoms of attack the brown spots on the fruit so that the wetness of rotten fruit.

3. Spotting Leaves

Cause: The fungus Cercospora sp, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea

Symptoms patches of gray-brown or black on the leaves.

4. Antraknosa

Cause: The fungus Gloesporium melongena

Symptoms patches round the bend and then enlarged brown fruit with black dots

5. Neck root rot

Cause; Sclerotium rolfsii

Symptoms of brown stem rot

6. Damping

Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp.

Symptoms young seedlings kebasah-basahan, shrank and finally collapsed and died.

Disease control methods:

Planting resistant varieties, set the distance of planting and crop rotation, drainage improvements, set the humidity with spacing rather wide, remove and discard diseased plants

HARVESTING

* The first fruits can be picked after the age of 3-4 months depending on the varieties

* The characteristics of the fruit is ready for harvest is the maximum size has been, and still young.

* The most appropriate time in the morning or late afternoon.

* How to harvest the fruit plucked along the stems by hand or a sharp instrument.

* The next fruit picking is done routinely every 3-7 days by choosing pieces that are ready to be picked.