Catfish Cultivation

I. Introduction
Catfish is a fish species that is popular with the public, with a delicious flavor, the meat is tender, irregular spines and can be expressed in a wide variety of cuisines.

II. catfish hatchery
Catfish farming is to produce seed to a particular size by mating male and female parent in special spawning ponds. Catfish hatchery has a good prospect with a high consumption of catfish and catfish enlargement many efforts.

III. Cultivation System
There are 3 seeding system, namely:
a. Bulk Systems. Performed by placing a male and female catfish in a pond with a certain ratio. In     this system the male parent can freely search for a partner for mating invited in spawning nests, so it depends on the activity of the male parent looking for a partner.
b. The partner system. Performed by placing a male and female parent in a special pool. Its success is determined by the accuracy of determining the matching pairs between both parents.
c. The seeding Injection System (Hyphofisasi).
Sought to stimulate the catfish to spawn or ovulation by injection Hyphofise gland extract, which are next to the bottom of the cerebrum. For this purpose there should be fish as donor Hyphofise gland which should also be of a type of catfish.

IV. Cultivation Process Stage

A. Making the pool

There are two kinds / types of pools, the tubs and pools (pool excavation). Selection of pool type should be tailored to the available land. Technically good at tube types and types of excavation, catfish hatchery must have:
Swimming reservoir. Get input directly from outside water / water source. Serves to siltation, water supply, and growth of plankton. Swimming reservoir is a source of water for the pool to the other.
Pool maintenance of parent. Male and female parent during egg maturation maintained in a separate pool as well as the maturation of the egg and sperm cells.
Spawning Pool. Points mating male and female parent. In this pool should be available from the spawning nests roofed, brick, bamboo and others as a male and female parent relationship.
Separating pool. Serves to raise puppies that have hatched and have aged 3-4 days. The move was made in middle age begin to require feed puppies, which previously were using egg yolk reserves parent in his digestive tract.

B. Selection of Parent

Male parent have some signs:
- bone shaped flat head
- darker colors
- more agile movement
- slim stomach does not look bigger than the back
- pointy shaped genitals.

Male parent have some signs:
- bone head convex
- body color brighter
- slow motion
- stomach expands more than the back of the genitals spherical.

C. Land preparation
The process of using the land (in ground pools) include:
- Drying. To clean the pool and off various germs.
- Liming. Is done with Dolomite lime or zeolite dosage of 60 gr / m2 to restore soil acidity and deadly germs that are not killed by drying.
- Water Entered . Done in stages, initially as high as 30 cm and left for 3-4 days to grow plankton as natural feed catfish.
In this type of pool in the form of a tub, pool preparation to do is:
    * Cleaning tubs of dirt / residual hatchery before.
    * Drying the tub to dry and dead germs.

D. Spawning
Spawning is the process of meeting the male and female parent to release an egg and sperm cells. Signs that the male parent is ready for mating red genitals. The female parent sign yellow egg (if immature green). Cell fertilized egg attaches to the nest and within 24 hours will hatch into chicks catfish.

E.Transfer
How to transfer:
- reduce water in the spawning nests until the water level 10-20 cm
- prepare a shelter with a bowl or bucket filled with water in the nest
- equate the temperature in the all of pool
- seed removal from the nest to the container holding the cup or plate
- removal of seeds from the shelter to the pond with caution at night, because it is still vulnerable to high water temperatures

F. Pool Separating.
Up to size enlargement is ready to sell, that is 5-7 cm, 7-9 cm long and 9-12 cm with different prices. Pool separating surface is given in the form of water hyacinth or protective cover of plastic to avoid the rising water temperatures that lead to easy stress catfish. Feeding done since seedlings were transferred to the pool separating catfish this.

V. Feed management
Catfish feed chicks form:
- natural plankton, larvae, water fleas and worms are small (most excellent) consumed in the age under 3-4 days
- Artificial feed for age over 3-4 days. The content of nutrients must be high, especially protein levels

VI. Water management
Water quality can be assessed physically:
- Water must be clean
- bright green
- brightness / transparency medium (30-40 cm)

Chemical water quality:
- free of toxic compounds such as ammonia
- the optimal temperature (22-26 0C)

VI. Health management
Basically, catfish reared chicks will not hurt if you have a high endurance. Child catfish become more pain caused by environmental conditions (water) is bad. Bad water conditions is very encouraging growth of various germs, and includes protozoa, fungi, bacteria and others. So in catfish hatchery health management, the more important is the preservation of water conditions and high nutrition.