Papaya Cultivation

Terms Growth

Plants can be grown in lowland and upland 700 - 1000 mdpl, rainfall of 1000 - 2000 mm / year, the optimum air temperature 22-26 degrees C and humidity around 40% and the wind is not too tight very good for pollination. Soil fertile, friable, contains humus and have a lot to hold water, ideal soil pH is neutral with a pH 6 -7.

Breeding

1. Requirements Seed
* seeds are used as seeds taken from fruits ripe properly and is derived from the tree of choice. The selection of fruit in the split second to take out the seeds. Seeds released later washed up skin that envelops the wasted seeds and dry them in a shady place.
* Fresh seeds are used for breeding. Seedlings should not be taken from the fruit is too ripe / old and not from trees that are old.

2. Seeding Techniques
* Seeds inserted at a depth of 1 cm and then cover with soil. Watered every day. Seeds germinate appear after 12-15 days. At the time of the height of 15-20 cm or 45-60 days the seedlings are ready for planting.
* The seeds can be planted directly. Seeding is done two or three months before it was moved to the seedling seedbed gardens.

3. Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding
In seedbed the seeds sown in rows with a distance of 5-10 cm. Seeds should not be planted deep, deep enough seeds, which is 1 cm. With proper maintenance, the seeds will grow after 3 weeks of planting.

4. Transfer of Seeds
The seeds mature, around the age of 2-3 months can be moved at the beginning of the rainy season.

Media Processing Plant

1. Preparation
Land cleared of grass, shrubs and other debris, then hoed / plowed and loosened

2. Embankment formation
* Shape embankment measuring the width of 200-250 cm, height 20-30 cm, long enough, the distance between embankment of 60 cm.
* Make a hole the size of 50 x 50 x 40 cm on the Embankment, with a spacing of 2 x 2.5 m.

3. Liming
If the land to be planted with papaya are acidic (pH less than 5), after being given a mature manure, should be added ± 1 kg Dolomite and allow 1-2 weeks.

4. Fertilization
Before fertilizers, soil will be dried papaya planted one week, then cover with soil mixture of three sacks of manure that has been rotten.

Planting techniques

1. Hole Making Plant
* Planting hole measuring 60 x 60 x 40 cm, which was dug in rows some. Let the empty holes to obtain sufficient sunlight. After the holes filled with soil mixed with dung 2-3 sacks. The holes were covered mound convex allowed 2-3 days until the soil settles. After that, the holes ready for planting. * The holes are made over 1-2 months of planting. If the seeds sown directly into the garden, the planting holes should be dug in advance. Planting holes for the seeds to be completed ± 5 months before the rainy season.

2. How Planting
Each hole is filled with fruit seeds 3-4. A few months later will be seen plants that male and female or androgynous.

Plant maintenance

1. Thinning and Replanting
Spacing plants is conducted to obtain female plants besides some male tree trunks. This is done when the plant begins to flower.

2. Weeding
Papaya orchard as well as other fruit orchards, require weeding (disposal of grass).

3. Fertilization
Papaya trees require a lot of fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer, providing nutrients required and can maintain soil moisture.
The way the provision of fertilizer:
* Each week after planting chemical fertilizers, ZA 50 grams, 25 grams of urea, 50 grams TSP and 25 grams of KCl, mixed and planted in a circle.
* One month later did a second fertilizing composition ZA 75 grams, 35 grams of urea, 75 grams TSP and 40 grams of KCl
* When the age of 3-5 months to do a third fertilizing composition ZA 75 grams, 50 grams of urea, 75 gramTSP, 50 grams of KCl
* Age 6 months and 1 month onwards by ZA fertilizer with 100 grams, 60 grams of urea, 75 gramTSP, and 75 grams of KCl

4. Irrigation and Watering
Papaya plants require enough water but do not hold the stagnant water. Then irrigation and drainage should be regulated carefully. Especially in areas with lots of rain and earthy clay, then it must be made trenches. In the dry season, papaya plants should be watered frequently.

Pests and Diseases
Plant lice (Aphid sp., Mites). Soft body length of 2-3 mm green, yellow or black. Has a pair of tube bulge at the back of the abdomen, Maunder and long legs. Adult fleas, no wings and no. Damage plants by sucking fluids with a suction nose long in the mouth.
Control of: spray with pesticides alternately
Diseases are often detrimental to the papaya plant is a disease caused by a fungus, mosaic virus, collapsed seedlings, fruit rot, root neck, stem and nematodes.
Disease die footman diisebabkan by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica, P. palmivora and Pythium aphanidermatum.
Attacking papaya fruit and stems. Prevention:  Good lawn care, maintaining cleanliness and drainage and distribution of pesticides into the planting hole, while the root rot disease caused by the fungus Meloidogyne incognita.
If the land has been planted with papaya, papaya plant suggested not to go back, to prevent nematode attack. Plants infected by nematodes cause leaf yellowing, wilting and death.

Harvest and Post-Harvest

1. Characteristics and Harvest
Papaya plants can be harvested after 9-12 months old. Papaya fruit should be picked when the fruit was giving signs of maturity: the fruit skin color begins to turn yellow. But many farmers are picking them when the fruit is not overripe.

2. How to Harvest
Harvesting is done in various ways, in general, the harvest / picking is done by using the "songgo" (in the form of bamboo in half cone-shaped end that is useful to keep the fruit does not fall when picked).

3. Harvest Period
Harvesting is done every 10 days.